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What are the Different Types of Control Valves?

There are various types of control valves used in the industry, globe type control valve, butterfly type control valve, eccentric plug rotary control valve or v-type control valve, etc. This article will list all of the control valve types we have met.
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    Control valves are useful for the regulation of fluid flow and pressure to maintain processes and set points. These setpoints are the basic rate of flow, temperature, and pressure. It also controls the product parameters such as density, liquid level, etc.

    Component of Control Valves

    Valve Body

    The body of a control valve has a bonnet and trim parts. It ensures both the static and differential fluid pressure and allows the flow. It also provides pipe connecting ends.

    Actuator

    The actuator is a pneumatic or hydraulic device that helps in the opening and closing of the control valve.

    control valves and regulators manufacturer
    control valves and regulators manufacturer

    Positioner

    The positioner helps to maintain the movement of the actuator and gives the desired set point.

    Other Accessories

    The accessory parts of the control valve such as electro-pneumatic transducers, position indicators, etc also help to maintain the work of other valve parts.

    Valve control is used to control the fluid flow by changing its shape as directed by the given signal. It sets focuses on the fluid flow rate, temperature, and pressure applied. Its controls are based on fluid density, concentration, levels, and many more. Its installation requires a valve body, positioner, actuator, and some necessary accessories.

    Types of Control Valves Based on Functions

    Depending on the different conditions, control valves serve many functions within the system.

    On/off Type Control Valves

    Modulating Type Control Valves

    Self-Operated Pressure Control Valves

    Types of Control Valves Based on Pressure, Actuator, or Action Direction

    Control valves play a critical role in controlling the flow of fluids in various industrial applications. These valves can be categorized based on pressure, actuator, or action direction. Below, we delve into these classifications:

    Type of Control Valves Based on Working Pressure

    Type of Control Valves Based on Actuator Type

    • Manual Control Valves
    • Electric/Motorized Control Valves
    • Pneumatic Control Valves
    • Hydraulic Control Valves

    Type of Control Valves Based on the Closure Member’s Movement

    • Rotary Motion Control Valves
    • Linear Motion Control Valves

    Here we are discussing the types of control valves based on movement.

    Rotary Type of Control Valves

    Rotary motion valves – In this type, the flow of the fluid is modified by the closure member in rotary motion. Rotary motion valves are of three types.

    Ball Valve

    As the name suggests, the shape of the valve is like a ball with a container for fluid flow. Right at the opening, this valve enables the flow and after rotating at 90° it stops the flow. The ball valve has good resistance toward high temperature & high pressure. The advantage of the ball valve is easy to maintain and has low torque. On the other hand, it also has the disadvantage of causing corrosion when the fluid gets trapped inside the valve mainly during a closed position.

    Butterfly Valve

    The butterfly valve has a disc rotating at 90˚ inside the pipe. The disc allows the stem to pass through it and is supported by both ends. Similar to the ball valve, the butterfly valve also stops with a right-angle rotation. The butterfly valve has the capacity of controlling large flow and low-pressure applications. It is affordable and has a quick opening. It has only one disadvantage loose shut-off.

    Plug Valve

    The plug valve is available in both cylindrical and tapered shapes. At the time of opening of this valve, both inlet and outlet ends of this valve, are connected to give a flow line. This valve is suitable for both chemical and petrochemical industries. The plug valve has advantages like less maintenance, fewer requirements of headroom, and quick opens. It has a low-pressure drop and doesn’t provide a loose shut-off like a butterfly valve. The plug valve also has disadvantages like not being affordable and it is not useful for throttling action.

    Linear Type of Control Valves

    Linear motion valves – In this type, the closure member moves in a linear direction and modifies the fluid flow rate. Linear motion valves are of four types.

    Gate Valve 

    In high temperatures, the gate valve is used for on/off applications.  This is also recommended for non-throttling services because of its fully closed or fully open designs. It has a sliding gate to control the flow. It works well at the time of straight-line flow of liquid with minimum restrictions. Based on shape, the gate valve is further divided into two categories: Parallel and wedge.

    The gate valve starts working when the stem is rotated either clockwise to close motion or clockwise to open motion. As you move the stem, the gate valve moves up and down. The advantage of a gate valve is it comes with tight sealing. Gate valve also has the disadvantage of requiring more actuating force.

    Globe Valve

    Due to the globular shape, this valve is named a globe valve. Its closure member is a plug with a button, located right at the center. When the plug is raised, the globe valve allows the fluid to flow. Globe valve mainly has 3 body designs as Z, Y, and angle body. The advantage of the globe valve is it has better throttling characteristics than other valves. It also has the disadvantage of having a high-pressure drop.

    Diaphragm Valve

    The diaphragm valve has a compressor that is connected to a flexing diaphragm. This diaphragm is lifted at the time of opening of this valve and allows the fluid flow. When the valve is closed, it closes the path tightly.
    The diaphragm valve works at low temperatures and low pressure and is highly suitable for corrosive liquids. The advantage of the diaphragm valve is it is easy to maintain and has a simple construction. It also has disadvantages like it can’t be used in high temperatures and high pressure.

    Pinch Valve

    A pinch valve is more cost-effective than other valves. This valve is used for slurries or liquids having minimal solid particles. It is similar to a diaphragm valve but uses flexible elements like rubber to turn off the fluid flow. To actuate the pinch valve, hydraulic pressure is placed on the elastomer sleeve. The pinch valve doesn’t have any internal obstructions and hence it has a low-pressure drop. This is a good advantage of the pinch valve

    In Conclusion

    The control valve is the key part of the control circuit. People who work in the industrial field talk about control valves are actually referring to a complete assembly control valve. It usually includes the valve body, trim, actuators, and a variety of other valve accessories. The actuator provides power to operate the valve, and it could be pneumatic driving, electric driving, or hydraulic driving. And for accessories, according to the control system to assembly sensor, valve positioner, transducer, air filter regulator, limit switches or handwheel, etc.

    There are two main types of control valves designed according to the function of the closing part: The sliding-stem control valve and the rotary control valve. Sliding-stem means the closure member acts as a linear motion, but a rotary valve uses rotational motion to turn a closure member into and out of a seating surface.

    Rotary type control valves include full-port ball control valve, segmented ball control valve, segmented V-notch control valve, butterfly control valve(conventional disk), eccentric butterfly control valve/high-performance butterfly valve, and eccentric plug control valve.

    Sliding-stem control valves include single-port globe type valves, cage-guided globe type, double-ported, three-way valves, and angle type control valves.

    Single Port Globe Type Control Valve
    Single Port Globe Type Control Valve
    Double Seat Control Valve
    Double Seat Control Valve
    Three Way Control Valve
    Three-Way Control Valve
    Cage Guided Control Valve
    Cage Guided Control Valve
    Angle Type Control Valve
    Angle Type Control Valve

    So this is everything you should know about the various types of flow control valves. If you have any questions just feel free to contact us.

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    Will Don

    Will Don

    After earning my bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering from Zhejiang Normal University in 2008, l was fortunate enough to begin my career with Siemens, Fisher, and YTC, focusing on control valve accessories. Over the past dozen years, l've poured my heart and energy into understanding technology and fluid solutions for control valves.
    Now, as the marketing director for THINKTANK, a trusted branch of the Taiwan STONE valve group, I can't help butf eel proud of how far we've come. Our knowledge isn't just reaching professionals like engineer and valve distributors; it's also inspiring the next generation of automation college students.
    l genuinely hope you're enjoying our articles and finding them helpful.Your thoughts, questions, and feedback mean the world to me, so please don't hesitate to reach out to marketing[at]cncontrolvalve.com. Whether you're a seasoned expert or just curious about the field, I'm here to connect, share, and learn together.

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    I am the author of this article, and also the CEO and marketing director of THINKTANK, with 15 years of experience in the industrial valve industry. If you have any questions, you can contact me at any time.

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